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Damage from freezes depends on the development stage of the fruit crop. These tables allow you to quickly assess the risk for your tree fruit crops.

Temperate fruits can tolerate very cold winter temperatures. As we move into the warmer weather in March, April and May in Michigan, tree and small fruits lose their winter hardiness. As buds swell and development begins, the ability to withstand cold temperature changes with the growth stage. Early swollen buds can often withstand temperatures in the teens (degrees Fahrenheit) without any damage. As buds develop and begin to open, temperatures in the low 20s can cause harm to fruit buds and perhaps developing leaves.

The tree and the young stalk, at least, should have the same frost resistance. To graft the cutting of a heat-loving apple tree into a cold-resistant tree is a gross mistake. After this procedure, the tree, which previously was not afraid of frost, will change for the worse and will suffer greatly from cold weather. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. They consider a hard frost when temperatures are below 24°F, even if it is for one night. The authors indicates that a hard frost induces the production of ethylene leading to abscission. Management practices can minimize the drop with the use of plant growth regulators.

This range of damage coincides with the growth stages and fruit species and even the cultivar. Early in development, there is often a wide range between the temperatures that cause little damage and those that cause severe damage. Early in development, at first green and green tip stages, temperatures need to drop into the teens or lower to cause significant bud damage. As bloom nears, temperatures in the upper 20s can cause considerable harm to an early blooming species or variety and leave other fruit crops unaffected or with only slight damage. Near bloom, the range between slight and severe damage is very small. The stage of bud development determines how susceptible any given fruit crop is when freezes occur.

Michigan State University Extension has two tables for the critical temperatures of tree fruit during development. Tree Fruit Critical Temperatures is a table of common tree fruit with bud stage names and the critical temperature ranges that will cause between 10% and 90% injury to the flower buds, all on one page. Picture Table of Fruit Freeze Damage Thresholds includes the same information and includes pictures. This table is three pages long.

Unfortunately, spring freezes are almost a certainty in any given year. Fruit growers need to constantly assess the stage of development of their crops and the susceptibility to freeze injury.

This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).

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'CHILLED SUGARCANE'™

The Frostbite™ Apple (MN 447 variety) is an unique novelty apple for a special niche. It is extremely cold hardy, small in size, unusual in appearance, and very sweet. People either love or dislike Frostbite™. It is great for cider or people with a real sweet tooth.

Frostbite™ offers a distinctive late season option.

Description

Intense Sweet Taste

The Frostbite™ apple packs a punch. It's almost tangy, very sweet, and juicy. Biting into a Frostbite™ is almost like biting into a piece of sugarcane. Savoring its juice tastes almost like molasses melting in your mouth.

Small, Late Season Sweet

By its late harvest season, Frostbite™ fruit is only about 2 1/2 inches in diameter. At maturity, it has a stripped maroon-red skin over a gold-yellow background. Its firm and juicy, cream colored flesh, delivers small, intensely sweet bites. This apple is great for making cider.

Growing & Storing Cautions

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Frostbite™ has a tendency to get russeting (cracks around the top of the apple), which can attract wasps and other pests. The cracks also make the apple susceptible to mold during its relatively short storage life.

Rarely Bitten By Cold

The Frostbite™ apple is extremely cold hardy. It has performed for decades in USDA zone 3b (-30 to -35°F). This durability allows Frostbite™ to thrive in northern climates where very few good quality apples can grow.

Apple Breeding Star

Frostbite™ has been a key apple in the U of M's breeding program since the 1920's. It's extreme cold hardiness and unique flavor make it an excellent apple to cross with other varieties. Frostbite™ is a parent to Keepsake and Sweet 16 apples and a grandparent to Honeycrisp.

Growing Availability

Nurseries began grafting trees in 2008 and trees were ready for sale in 2009 for 2010 planting. Mature fruit became available to the public around 2014.

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Characteristics

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Frostbite™ is a trademark of the University of Minnesota.

FROST (itch) (Ape In The Tree) Mac OS